On 25-Mar-03 Phil Thompson wrote:
> On Tuesday 25 March 2003 7:20 pm, WELCH,DONALD J
> (HP-Vancouver,ex1) wrote:
>> Greetings-
>> I am attempting to wrap a shared library on Linux using SIP.
>> This shared
>> library's API defines several C++ classes that interelate (in
>> both IS-A and
>> HAS-A relationships). Currently, all the classes are declared in
>> a single
>> .h file.
>> Questions:
>> 1. What is the difference between %Import and %Include?
> %Import is used when you are wrapping a library that sub-classes
> from another library that has also been wrapped. So PyKDE
> effectively %Imports PyQt.
> %Include is similar to the C pre-processor's #include.
Ignoring the fact that Phil wrote sip and I'm just a user, I think
%Import is closer to a C++ #include - %Import is like all of the
#includes you add *except* the one that has the same name as your
cpp file. It provides all of the external refs. %Include is more
like the list of source files in the Makefile - the %Includes are
the files that comprise the module and the ones code will be
generated for.
> Whether you put each class into a separate .sip file is a
> readability issue and is up to you.
sip still generates one cpp/h file pair per class, but how you
distribute classes over sip files makes no difference to anything.
Every class needs a %HeaderCode block though, no matter how you
arrange things.
> SIP is run against the qtmod.sip file (not against each
> individual .sip file) and it brings in all the necessary stuff
> through %Includes.
In that sense sip is more like a linker than a compiler, in that it
reads in all of the sip files for a module before resolving
symbols. Ignoring scope, any symbol in any sip file is visible to
all other sip files, and in fact sip won't tolerate multiple
declarations (eg duplicate typedefs).
>> 6. Is it possible to add methods to classes in the .sip file
>> that don't exist in (or exist differently) the wrapped .cpp
>> code? For example, could I add a method that returns a Python
>> list instead of having the Python client code call
>> getFirst()/getNext() to enumerate a list of items?
> Yes - you can lie to SIP as much as you want.
> Depending on the nature of the class, alternatives would be to
> replace the class entirely with a Python list (using
> %MappedType), or implement appropriate Python operators (see
> qstringlist.sip).
There are a lot of examples in PyKDE - grep the sip files for
%MemberCode, %MappedType, %C++Code, or %PrePythonCode.
qstringlist.sip is a neat example of handling a template based
class (by ignoring the base class) and adding Python __methods__
(same as KURL::List, for which I stole the code from QStringList).
KCmdLineArgs has an example of replacing an array of C++ structs
with a Python dict.
>> 7. Are there any tools to automate h2sip (at least the basic
>> stuff that can be automated)?
> Over to you Jim.
I have an automated tool that does PyKDE automatically almost
perfectly (about a half dozen known errors in 400+ files) except for
handwritten code (it did some of that too, but not very well). It
also does versioning, writes the docs (minimally at the moment, but
I've been thinking of hacking the KDoc stuff too, similar to what
theKompany just announced for PyQt), and constructs the build.py
file that generates the make files. I sent it to someone last week
and quickly realized it's pretty difficult for anyone else to make
sense of at the moment, and is also pretty PyKDE specific. That's
given me second thoughts about releasing it, but assuming I still
do release it, it won't be for 3-6 months. The core parser/sip
file generator is pretty good (a few bugs and a lousy
C preprocessor parser) but the input file specification is pretty
horrible and the build files generated won't work except for PyKDE
(but are hackable).
I will, however, send you a copy if you want to give it a try. Just
don't expect much. It's Python, so it only takes a few minutes to
decide if it's worth your effort or not. Let me know.
> However, be aware that you sometimes have to supply SIP with more
> information (eg. /Transfer/ flags) which cannot be done
> automatically.
I do those automatically :) - also the SIP_RXOBJ_CON and
SIP_SLOT_CON stuff except for the args if needed - I generate them
all commented out and then add the args to SIP_SLOT_[CON,DIS]
manually. Depends on the consistency of the C++ code though - I
just assign every QWidget *parent in a ctor /TransferThis/ and
every other case a /Transfer/, and then go back a remove a few
manually. Those are almost the only necessary info that's not in the
h files (and stuff that needs %MemberCode or %MappedType, which I
flag automatically).
Jim
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‘She has never mentioned her father to me. Was he—well, the sort of man whom the County Club would not have blackballed?’ "We walked by the side of our teams or behind the wagons, we slept on the ground at night, we did our own cooking, we washed our knives by sticking them into the ground rapidly a few times, and we washed our plates with sand and wisps of grass. When we stopped, we arranged our wagons in a circle, and thus formed a 'corral,' or yard, where we drove our oxen to yoke them up. And the corral was often very useful as a fort, or camp, for defending ourselves against the Indians. Do you see that little hollow down there?" he asked, pointing to a depression in the ground a short distance to the right of the train. "Well, in that hollow our wagon-train was kept three days and nights by the Indians. Three days and nights they stayed around, and made several attacks. Two of our men were killed and three were wounded by their arrows, and others had narrow escapes. One arrow hit me on the throat, but I was saved by the knot of my neckerchief, and the point only tore the skin a little. Since that time I have always had a fondness for large neckties. I don't know how many of the Indians we killed, as they carried off their dead and wounded, to save them from being scalped. Next to getting the scalps of their enemies, the most important thing with the Indians is to save their own. We had several fights during our journey, but that one was the worst. Once a little party of us were surrounded in a small 'wallow,' and had a tough time to defend ourselves successfully. Luckily for us, the Indians had no fire-arms then, and their bows and arrows were no match for our rifles. Nowadays they are well armed, but there are[Pg 41] not so many of them, and they are not inclined to trouble the railway trains. They used to do a great deal of mischief in the old times, and many a poor fellow has been killed by them." As dusk came on nearly the whole population of Maastricht, with all their temporary guests, formed an endless procession and went to invoke God's mercy by the Virgin Mary's intercession. They went to Our Lady's Church, in which stands the miraculous statue of Sancta Maria Stella Maris. The procession filled all the principal streets and squares of the town. I took my stand at the corner of the Vrijthof, where all marched past me, men, women, and children, all praying aloud, with loud voices beseeching: "Our Lady, Star of the Sea, pray for us ... pray for us ... pray for us ...!" It had not occurred to her for some hours after Mrs. Campbell had told her of Landor's death that she was free now to give herself to Cairness. She had gasped, indeed, when she did remember it, and had put the thought away, angrily and self-reproachfully. But it returned now, and she felt that she might cling to it. She had been grateful, and she had been faithful, too.[Pg 286] She remembered only that Landor had been kind to her, and forgot that for the last two years she had borne with much harsh coldness, and with a sort of contempt which she felt in her unanalyzing mind to have been entirely unmerited. Gradually she raised herself until she sat quite erect by the side of the mound, the old exultation of her half-wild girlhood shining in her face as she planned the future, which only a few minutes before had seemed so hopeless. After he had gloated over Sergeant Ramsey, Shorty got his men into the road ready to start. Si placed himself in front of the squad and deliberately loaded his musket in their sight. Shorty took his place in the rear, and gave out: The groups about each gun thinned out, as the shrieking fragments of shell mowed down man after man, but the rapidity of the fire did not slacken in the least. One of the Lieutenants turned and motioned with his saber to the riders seated on their horses in the line of limbers under the cover of the slope. One rider sprang from each team and ran up to take the place of men who had fallen. "As long as there's men and women in the world, the men 'ull be top and the women bottom." Then, in the house, the little girls were useful. Mrs. Backfield was not so energetic as she used to be. She had never been a robust woman, and though her husband's care had kept her well and strong, her frame was not equal to Reuben's demands; after fourteen years' hard labour, she suffered from rheumatism, which though seldom acute, was inclined to make her stiff and slow. It was here that Caro and Tilly came in, and Reuben began to appreciate his girls. After all, girls were needed in a house—and as for young men and marriage, their father could easily see that such follies did not spoil their usefulness or take them from him. Caro and Tilly helped their grandmother in all sorts of ways—they dusted, they watched pots, they shelled peas and peeled potatoes, they darned house-linen, they could even make a bed between them. HoME一级毛片视频免费公开
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